Ma Audio ndi Miyezo ya Digital Pamene ikufika ku Audio Playback pa PC
Mauthenga a pakompyuta ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimakumbukira kwambiri pa kugula kompyuta. Ndizidziŵitso zochepa kuchokera kwa opanga, ogwiritsa ntchito zimakhala zovuta kuti adziwe ndendende zomwe akupeza. Mu gawo loyambirira la nkhani zino, tiyang'ana pazithunzithunzi zakumvetsera kwadijito ndipo zolembazo zikhoza kulembedwa. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, tiyang'ana miyezo ingapo yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokozera zigawozo.
Digital Audio
Mauthenga onse omwe amalembedwa kapena kusewera kudzera mu kompyuta ndidijito, koma onse omwe amavomerezedwa pamakonzedwe a oyankhula ndi analog. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi ya kujambula kumakhala ndi mbali yofunikira pozindikira kuthekera kwa opanga mapulogalamu.
Mauthenga a analog akugwiritsa ntchito chiwerengero chodziwikiratu chodziwika kuti ayesere bwino kubweretsa mafunde oyambirira ochokera ku gwero. Izi zikhoza kupanga zojambula zolondola, koma kujambula uku kunyozetsa pakati pa kugwirizana ndi mibadwo ya zojambula. Zojambulajambula zimatengera zitsanzo za mafunde ndi kuzisunga ngati zingwe (zitsulo ndi zeros) zomwe zimakhala bwino kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti khalidwe la kujambula kwa digito lidzasintha malinga ndi zida ndi zitsanzo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zojambulidwa, koma kutaya kwapamwamba kuli kochepa kwambiri pakati pa zipangizo ndi mibadwo yojambula.
Bits ndi Zitsanzo
Poyang'ana zojambula zomveka komanso zojambula zamagetsi, mawu a bits ndi KHz nthawi zambiri amabwera. Mawu awiriwa akuwonetsera zowonjezereka zowonjezera ndi kutanthauzira kwachinsinsi kuti kujambula kwa digito kungakhale nako. Pali malamulo atatu oyambirira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zamalonda zamakono: 16-bit 44KHz ya CD Audio, 96KHz ya 16-bit ya DVD ndi 192KHz ya 24-bit kwa DVD-Audio ndi Blu-ray.
Kuzama kwake kumatanthawuza chiwerengero cha zingwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zojambulazo kuti mudziwe kukula kwa phokoso la phokoso pazitsanzo zonse. Choncho, 16-bit pang'ono-rate angalolere kuchuluka kwa magulu 65,536 pamene 24-bit imalola 16,7 miliyoni. Zotsatira zowonjezera zimapereka chiwerengero cha mfundo zomwe zili pamtsinje womveka zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa mphindi imodzi. Powonjezereka chiwerengero cha zitsanzo, kuyimira kwadijito kudzakhala kwajambuyo ya analog.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira pano kuti zitsanzo zazitsulo zimasiyana ndi bitrate. Bitrate imatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa deta zomwe zimachitika pa fayilo pamphindi. Izi ndizomwe, chiwerengero cha ziphuphu zimachulukitsidwa ndi zowonongeka zomwe zimasinthidwa kenako zimatembenuzidwa kuti zikhale ndi njira imodzi. Mathematically, ndiyo (mabedi * njira zowonetsera * njira) / 8 . Kotero, CD-audio yomwe ili stereo kapena njira ziwiri idzakhala:
(16 bits * 44000 pamphindi * 2) / 8 = 192000 bps pa kanema kapena 192kbps bitrate
Ndikumvetsetsa kwathunthu, kodi ndiyomwe munthu ayenera kuyang'ana pamene akuyang'ana ndondomeko za pulojekiti ya audio? Kawirikawiri, ndibwino kuti muyang'ane munthu yemwe ali ndi mphamvu zowonetsera 96KHz ya 16-bit. Iyi ndi mlingo wa mavidiyo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zoyenderera za 5.1 pa DVD ndi mafilimu a Blu-ray. Kwa iwo omwe akufunafuna kutanthauzira kwabwino koposa, njira zatsopano 24-bit 192KHz zimapereka khalidwe lalikulu lakumvetsera.
Chizindikiro cha Kumva Chisangalalo
Mbali ina ya zigawo zomvetsera zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kukumana ndi Chizindikiro Chakumveka (SNR) . Ichi ndi chiwerengero choimiridwa ndi decibels (dB) kufotokoza chiŵerengero cha chizindikiro cha audio poyerekeza ndi phokoso la phokoso lopangidwa ndi chigawo cha audio. Pakati pa chiwerengero cha Signal-to-Noise chiyanjano, bwino khalidwe labwino ndilo. Munthu wamba sangathe kusiyanitsa phokoso ili ngati SNR yoposa 90dB.
Miyezo
Pali zosiyanasiyana zosiyana pazomwe mumamvera. Poyambirira, panali AC'97 muyeso wa Intel monga njira yowonjezera chithandizo cha 96-bit 96kHz audio pazitsulo zisanu ndi chimodzi zofunikira ku DVD 5.1 audio audio support. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, pakhala kusintha kwatsopano kwa audio chifukwa cha mafotokozedwe otchuka a kanema monga Blu-ray. Pofuna kuthandizira izi, muyeso watsopano wa Intel HDA unakhazikitsidwa. Izi zimapereka chithandizo cha audio kwa njira zisanu ndi zitatu zokwana 192KHz zofunikira kuti 7.1 chithandizo cha audio. Tsopano, izi ndizoyendera kwa Intel-based hardware koma ambiri AMD hardware yomwe imatchedwa 7.1 audio chithandizo akhoza kukwaniritsa masankhulidwe omwewo.
Mkhalidwe wina wachikulire umene ungatchulidwewo ndi 16-bit Sound Blaster yogwirizana. Sound Blaster ndi mtundu wa makhadi ojambulidwa ndi Creative Labs. Sound Blaster 16 inali imodzi mwa makhadi akuluakulu oyambirira kuti amvetsere mlingo wa sampulo wa 44KHz wa 16-bit kwa audio audio makompyuta CD-Audio. Muyeso uwu ndi pansi pa zomwe zimakhala zatsopano komanso sizinayambe kutchulidwanso.
EAX kapena Environmental Audio Extensions ndi mkhalidwe wina umene unapangidwa ndi Creative Labs. M'malo mwa mtundu weniweni wa audio, ndidongosolo la mapulogalamu owonjezera omwe amasintha mauthenga kuti afotokoze zotsatira za madera enaake. Mwachitsanzo, nyimbo zomwe zikusewera pa kompyuta zikhoza kupangidwa kuti ziwoneke ngati zikusewera kuphanga liri ndi mayankho ambiri. Zothandizira izi zingakhalepo pulogalamu kapena ma hardware. Ngati zasinthidwa mu hardware, imagwiritsa ntchito zochepa zochokera ku CPU.
Mkhalidwe wa EAX unali wovuta kwambiri ndi mawindo opangira Windows kuyambira Vista . Mosakayikira, Microsoft inasintha kwambiri mauthenga omvera kuchokera ku hardware ku mbali ya mapulogalamu kuti akhale ndi chitetezo chachikulu pa dongosolo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti masewera ambiri omwe ankagwira EAX audio mu hardware tsopano akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mapulogalamu a pulogalamu m'malo mwake. Zambiri mwa izi zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mapulogalamu a mapulogalamu kwa madalaivala ndi masewera koma pali masewera achikulire omwe sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira za EAX. Mwachidziwikire, chirichonse chasunthira ku zolemba zoyenera za EAX zofunikira kwambiri pa masewera olowa.
Pomalizira, mankhwala ena akhoza kunyamula logo THX . Izi ndizovomerezeka kuti THX Laboratories imamva kuti mankhwalawa amakumana kapena akuposa momwe angapangidwire. Ingokumbukirani kuti katundu wa THX wotsimikiziridwa sangakhale ndi ubwino wabwino kapena khalidwe labwino kuposa limene silili. Ojambula ayenera kulipira ma laboratoni a THX kuti azindikire.
Tsopano popeza tili ndi zofunikira za audio digitala, ndi nthawi yoyang'ana Surround Sound ndi PC .