Momwe chitetezo cha intaneti chikugwira ntchito
Pokhala ndi zovuta zambiri zamtunduwu mu nkhani posachedwapa, mwina mukudabwa momwe deta yanu imatetezera mukakhala pa intaneti. Mukudziwa, mumapita ku webusaitiyi kuti mukachite malonda, lowetsani nambala yanu ya khadi la ngongole, ndipo mukuganiza kuti patapita masiku angapo pakhomo panu padzafika phukusi. Koma mu nthawi yomwe musanatseke Koperani, kodi mumadzifunsa momwe ntchito yotetezera ku intaneti ikugwirira ntchito?
Zomwe Zimayambira pa Intaneti
Mu mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri, chitetezo cha pa intaneti - ndicho chitetezo chomwe chikuchitika pakati pa kompyuta yanu ndi webusaiti yomwe mukuyendera - ikuchitika kudzera mndandanda wa mafunso ndi mayankho. Mukulemba adiresi yanu mu osatsegula , ndiye osatsegula wanu akufunsa malowa kuti atsimikizire kuti ndiwotsimikizirika, tsambali limabwereranso ndi zomwe zili zoyenera, ndipo ngati onse awiri akugwirizana, malowa amatsegulidwa mu msakatuli wanu.
Pakati pa mafunso omwe akufunsidwa ndi zomwe mukusinthanitsa ndi deta yokhudza mtundu wa ma encryption omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa msakatuli wanu, mauthenga a makompyuta, ndi chidziwitso chanu pakati pa osatsegula ndi webusaitiyi. Mafunso awa ndi mayankho akutchedwa kutambasula dzanja. Ngati kugwirana chanza sikuchitika, ndiye webusaiti yomwe mukuyesa kuyendera idzaonedwa kuti ndi yopanda chitetezo.
HTTP vs. HTTPS
Chinthu chimodzi chomwe mungaone pamene mutayendera malo pa intaneti ndi ena omwe ali ndi adiresi yoyambira ndi http ndipo ena ayambira ndi https . HTTP imatanthauza Hypertext Transfer Protocol ; Ndilo ndondomeko kapena ndondomeko zomwe zimapereka mauthenga otetezedwa pa intaneti. Mwinanso mungazindikire kuti malo ena, makamaka malo omwe mukufunsidwa kuti mudziwe zambiri kapena zodziwika bwino, akhoza kusonyeza https kukhala wobiriwira kapena wofiira ndi mzere kupyolera mwawo. HTTPS imatanthauza Hypertext Transfer Protocol Safe, ndipo green imatanthauza kuti malowa ali ndi chivomerezo chotsimikizirika. Ofiira ndi mzere kudutsa pawuniyi amatanthauza kuti malo alibe chikalata chokhala ndi chitetezo, kapena satifiketiyo si yolondola kapena imatha.
Apa ndi pamene zinthu zimasokoneza kwambiri. HTTP sichikutanthauza deta yomwe imasinthidwa pakati pa kompyuta yanu ndi webusaitiyi. Zimangotanthawuza kuti webusaiti yomwe ikuyankhula ndi osatsegula yanu ili ndi chiphaso chokhazikika cha chitetezo. Pokhapokha ngati S (monga mu HTTP S ) ikuphatikizidwa ndi deta yomwe imasamutsidwa kukhala yotetezeka, ndipo pali njira ina yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito yomwe imapangitsa kuti mayina otetezedwawo atheke.
Kumvetsetsa SSL Protocol
Mukaganizira kugwirana chanza ndi wina, zikutanthauza kuti pali phwando lachiwiri lomwe likukhudzidwa. Chitetezo cha pa Intaneti ndi chimodzimodzi. Chifukwa cha kugwirana chanza komwe kumatsimikizira kuti chitetezo cha intaneti chichitike, payenera kukhala phwando lachiwiri likuphatikizidwa. Ngati HTTPS ndiyo ndondomeko yomwe msakatuli amagwiritsira ntchito kuti atsimikizire kuti pali chitetezo, ndiye theka lachiwiri la kugwirana chanza ndilo lovomerezeka lomwe limatsimikiziranso kuti kulimbidwa.
Kujambulajambula ndi teknoloji yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusokoneza deta yomwe imasamutsidwa pakati pa zipangizo ziwiri pa intaneti. Icho chimakwaniritsidwa mwa kutembenuza maonekedwe ozindikiritsidwa kukhala magibber osadziwika omwe angabwezeretsedwe ku dziko lawo loyambirira pogwiritsa ntchito fungulo lokopera. Izi poyamba zinakwaniritsidwa kupyolera mu teknoloji yotetezera chitetezo chotetezeka (SSL) .
Momwemo, SSL inali teknoloji yomwe inatembenuza deta iliyonse kusuntha pakati pa webusaitiyi ndi osatsegula kukhala gibberish ndi kubwerera ku deta kachiwiri. Nazi momwe zimagwirira ntchito:
- Mumatsegula osatsegula yanu ndikulemba pa adiresi ya banki yanu.
- Wosakatuli wanu akugogoda pa khomo la banki ndikukufotokozerani.
- Wobwera pakhomo amatsimikizira kuti ndiwe amene iwe umati ndiwe ndipo amavomereza kukulowetsani pansi pa zikhalidwe.
- Wosakatuli wanu akugwirizana ndi zikhalidwezo ndipo kenako amaloledwa kulowa webusaitiyi.
Njirayi ikudzibwereza yokha pamene mutalowa dzina lanu ndi password, ndi zina zowonjezera.
- Mumalowa dzina lanu ndi password kuti mupeze akaunti yanu.
- Makasitomala anu a pawebusaiti amauza abwana a akaunti ya banki kuti mukufuna kuti mupeze akaunti yanu.
- Amakambirana ndipo amavomereza kuti ngati mutha kupereka ziyeneretso zolondola, ndiye kuti mudzalandira mwayi. Komabe, zizindikiro zimenezo ziyenera kuperekedwa pogwiritsa ntchito chinenero chapadera.
- Wofusayo ndi abwana a akaunti ya banki amavomereza chilankhulo chomwe chidzagwiritsidwe ntchito.
- Wosakatuli amatembenuza dzina lanu ndi thumbwilo m'chinenero chapaderachi ndikuchipereka kwa meneti wa akaunti ya banki.
- Woyang'anira akaunti amalandira deta, amaisankha, ndipo amaifanizira ndi zolemba zawo.
- Ngati zovomerezeka zanu zikugwirizana, mwakupatsani mwayi wopezera akaunti yanu.
Zotsatirazi zimachitika masekondi a nano, kotero simukuzindikira nthawi yomwe imatenga zokambiranazi ndikugwirana chanza pakati pa msakatuli ndi webusaitiyi.
SSL vs TLS
SSL inali njira yoyambirira yokhudzana ndi chitetezo yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kutsimikizira kuti mawebusaiti ndi deta yapakati pakati pawo zinali zotetezeka. Malingana ndi GlobalSign, SSL inayambitsidwa mu 1995 monga version 2.0. Vuto loyambirira (1.0) silinayambe kulowetsa anthu. Version 2.0 idasinthidwa ndi version 3.0 mkati mwa chaka kuti athetse vutoli mu protocol. Mu 1999, mtundu wina wa SSL, wotchedwa Transport Layer Security (TLS) unayambitsidwa kuti ufulumize kufulumira kwa kukambirana ndi chitetezo cha dzanja. TLS ndilo lingaliro limene likugwiritsidwa ntchito, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri limatchedwanso SSL kuti likhale losavuta.
Kulemba kwa TLS
Kulemba kwa TLS kunayambika kuti pakhale chitetezo cha deta. Pamene SSL inali teknoloji yabwino, chitetezo chimasintha mofulumira, ndipo izi zinapangitsa kufunika kokhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira. TLS inamangidwa pa chikhazikitso cha SSL ndi kusintha kwakukulu ku zowonjezera zomwe zimayendera njira zothandizira ndi kugwirana chanza.
Kodi TLS Version Ndi Yotani Kwambiri?
Monga ndi SSL, kufotokozera TLS kwapitirizabe kusintha. Mawonekedwe a TLS tsopano ndi 1.2, koma TLSv1.3 yalembedwa ndipo makampani ena ndi osatsegula agwiritsa ntchito chitetezo kwa nthawi yochepa. Nthaŵi zambiri, amabwereranso ku TLSv1.2 chifukwa ndondomeko 1.3 imakhala yangwiro.
Pomaliza, TLSv1.3 idzabweretsa chitetezo chochuluka, kuphatikizapo chithandizo cholimbikitsira mitundu yowonjezera yowonjezera. Komabe, TLSv1.3 idzagwetsanso chithandizo cha maulosi akale a SSL ndi matekinoloje ena otetezeka omwe sali otalika mokwanira kuti atsimikizire chitetezo choyenera ndi kufotokozera bwino deta yanu.